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In this thesis we use various effective QCD models to investigate hot anddense nuclear matter created in heavy ion collisions. To characterize suchmatter, we mainly exploit correlation functions and some of the associatedspectral properties. We explore the vector meson current-current correlationfunction with and without the influence of vector interaction inNambu\textendash Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model and also in its Polyakov loopextended version (PNJL). As a spectral property we have computed the dileptonrate which is found to be enhanced in strongly interacting QGP (sQGP) ascompared to the Born rate in a weakly coupled QGP. We further consider the ideaof entanglement between the chiral and confinement dynamics through theentangled PNJL (EPNJL) model and re-explore the vector spectral function andthe spectral property such as the dilepton production rate studied in ourearlier effort. Because of the strong entanglement, the coupling strengths runwith the temperature and chemical potential. The implications of such runningon the dilepton rate have been discussed in details. The Euclidean vectorcorrelator and the response of the conserved density fluctuations related withthe temporal vector correlator have also been investigated. We have consideredboth the scenarios, i.e. presence and absence of the vector interaction. Theinclusion of the vector interaction also brings forth some intriguing issues inthe fluctuation of conserved density, namely the QNS. It has been discussed indetails and we try to address it using EPNJL model. We also assume the QGP tobe made of a non-interacting quarks, antiquarks and gluons and construct apartition function which is restricted by the assumption of a color singletprojection to conform with the $SU(3)_c$ symmetry. This type of simple quantumstatistical description exhibits very interesting features, which we havediscussed in details.

Study of hot and dense nuclear matter in effective QCD model