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The optimum off-line energy management scheme for multi-user multi-relaynetworks employing energy harvesting and wireless energy transfer is studied.Specifically, the users are capable of harvesting and transferring energy toeach other over consecutive transmissions, though they have no fixed energysupplies. Meanwhile, network coding for the users' messages is conducted at therelays to enable cooperative transmission with source nodes in independent butnot necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Nakagami-$m$ fadingchannels. Therefore, a simultaneous two level cooperation, i.e.,information-level and energy-level cooperation is conducted. The problem ofenergy efficiency (EE) maximization under constraints of the energy causalityand a predefined outage probability threshold is formulated and shown to benon-convex. By exploiting fractional and geometric programming, a convexform-based iterative algorithm is developed to solve the problem efficiently.Close-to-optimal power allocation and energy cooperation policies acrossconsecutive transmissions are found. Moreover, the effects of relay locationsand wireless energy transmission efficiency are investigated and theperformance comparison with the current state of solutions demonstrates thatthe proposed policies can manage the harvested energy more efficiently.

Efficient Coded Cooperative Networks with Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer