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We demonstrate an intense broadband terahertz (THz) source based on theinteraction of relativistic-intensity femtosecond lasers with aligned coppernanorod array targets. For copper nanorod targets with length 5 \mu m, amaximum 13.8 times enhancement in the THz pulse energy (in $\leq$ 20 THzspectral range) is measured as compared to that with a thick plane coppertarget under the same laser conditions. A further increase in the nanorodlength leads to a decrease in the THz pulse energy at medium frequencies($\leq$ 20THz) and increase of the electromagnetic pulse energy in thehigh-frequency range (from 20 - 200 THz). For the latter, we measure a maximumenergy enhancement of 28 times for the nanorod targets of length 60 \mu m .Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that THz pulses are mostly generated bycoherent transition radiation of laser produced hot electrons, which areefficiently enhanced with the use of nanorod targets. Good agreement is foundbetween the simulation and experimental results.

Aligned copper nanorod arrays for highly efficient generation of intense ultra-broadband THz pulses