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In non-network settings, encouragement designs have been widely used toanalyze causal effects of a treatment, policy, or intervention on an outcome ofinterest when randomizing the treatment was considered impractical or whencompliance to treatment cannot be perfectly enforced. Unfortunately, suchquestions related to treatment compliance have received less attention innetwork settings and the most well-studied experimental design in networks, thetwo-stage randomization design, requires perfect compliance with treatment. Thepaper proposes a new experimental design called peer encouragement design tostudy network treatment effects when enforcing treatment randomization is notfeasible. The key idea in peer encouragement design is the idea of personalizedencouragement, which allows point-identification of familiar estimands in theencouragement design literature. The paper also defines new causal estimands,local average network effects, that can be identified under the new design andanalyzes the effect of non-compliance behavior in randomized experiments onnetworks.

Peer Encouragement Designs in Causal Inference with Partial Interference and Identification of Local Average Network Effects