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Human brain structural networks contain sets of centrally embedded hubregions that enable efficient information communication. However, it remainslargely unknown about categories of structural brain hubs and theirmicrostructural, functional and cognitive characteristics as well ascontributions to individual identification. Here, we employed three multi-modalimaging data sets with structural MRI, diffusion MRI and resting-statefunctional MRI to construct individual structural brain networks, identifybrain hubs based on eight commonly used graph-nodal metrics, and performcomprehensive validation analysis. We found three categories of structural hubsin the brain networks, namely, aggregated, distributed and connector hubs.Spatially, these distinct categories of hubs were primarily located in thedefault-mode system and additionally in the visual and limbic systems foraggregated hubs, in the frontoparietal system for distributed hubs, and in thesensorimotor and ventral attention systems for connector hubs. Importantly,these three categories of hubs exhibited various distinct characteristics, withthe highest level of microstructural organization in the aggregated hubs, thelargest wiring cost and topological vulnerability in the distributed hubs, andthe highest functional associations and cognitive flexibility in the connectorhubs, although they behaved better regarding these characteristics compared tonon-hubs. Finally, all three categories of hub indices displayed highacross-session spatial similarities and acted as a structural fingerprint withhigh predictive rates (100%, 100% and 84.2%) for individual identification.Collectively, our findings highlighted three categories of brain hubs withdifferential microstructural, functional and cognitive associations, which mayshed light on the topological mechanisms of the human connectome.

Differentially Categorized Structural Connectome Hubs are Involved in  Differential Microstructural Basis and Functional Implications and Contribute  to Individual Identification