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Neglected tropical diseases (NTD), particularly vector-borne diseases (VBD),account for a large proportion of the global disease burden, and their controlfaces several challenges including diminishing human and financial resourcesfor those distressed from such diseases. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), thesecond-largest parasitic killer in the world (after malaria) affects poorpopulations in endemic countries and causes considerable cost to the affectedindividuals and their society. Mathematical models can serve as a critical toolfor understanding the driving mechanisms of a NTD such as VL. The WHO promotesintegrated control programs for VL but this policy is not well supported bysystematic quantitative and dynamic evidence and so potential benefits of thepolicy are limited. Moreover, mathematical models can be readily developed andused to understand the functioning of the VL system cheaply and systematically.The focus of this research is three-fold: (i) to identify non-traditional butcritical mechanisms for ongoing VL transmission in resource limited regions,(ii) to review mathematical models used for other infectious diseases that havethe potential to capture identified factors of VL, and (iii) to suggest novelquantitative models for understanding VL dynamics and for evaluating controlprograms in such frameworks for achieveing VL elimination goals.

Challenges in Modeling Complexity of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Assessment of Visceral Leishmaniasis Dynamics in Resource Limited Settings