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Using coherent optical detection and digital signal processing, laser phasenoise and equalization enhanced phase noise can be effectively mitigated usingthe feed-forward and feed-back carrier phase recovery approaches. In thispaper, theoretical analyses of feed-back and feed-forward carrier phaserecovery methods have been carried out in the long-haul high-speed n-levelphase shift keying (n-PSK) optical fiber communication systems, involving aone-tap normalized least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, a block-wise averagealgorithm, and a Viterbi-Viterbi algorithm. The analytical expressions forevaluating the estimated carrier phase and for predicting the bit-error-rate(BER) performance (such as the BER floors) have been presented and discussed inthe n-PSK coherent optical transmission systems by considering both the laserphase noise and the equalization enhanced phase noise. The results indicatethat the Viterbi-Viterbi carrier phase recovery algorithm outperforms theone-tap normalized LMS and the block-wise average algorithms for small phasenoise variance (or effective phase noise variance), while the one-tapnormalized LMS algorithm shows a better performance than the other twoalgorithms for large phase noise variance (or effective phase noise variance).In addition, the one-tap normalized LMS algorithm is more sensitive to thelevel of modulation formats.

Analytical Investigations on Carrier Phase Recovery in Dispersion-Unmanaged n-PSK Coherent Optical Communication Systems