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We study the influence of selfish vs. polite behaviours on the dynamics of apedestrian evacuation through a narrow exit. To this end, experiments involvingabout 80 participants with distinct prescribed behaviours are performed;reinjection of participants into the setup allowed us to improve thestatistics. Notwithstanding the fluctuations in the instantaneous flow rate, wefind that a stationary regime is almost immediately reached. The average flowrate increases monotonically with the fraction c\_s of vying (selfish)pedestrians, which corresponds to a "faster-is-faster" effect in ourexperimental conditions; it is also positively correlated with the averagedensity of pedestrians in front of the door, up to nearly close-packing. Atlarge c\_s , the flow displays marked intermittency, with bursts ofquasi-simultaneous escapes. In addition to these findings, we wonder whetherthe effect of cooperation is specific to systems of intelligent beings, orwhether it can be reproduced by a purely mechanical surrogate. To this purpose,we consider a bidimensional granular flow through an orifice in which somegrains are made "cooperative" by repulsive magnetic interactions which impedetheir mutual collisions.

Influence of selfish and polite behaviours on a pedestrian evacuation through a narrow exit: A quantitative characterisation