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Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides a cost-effective solutionto achieve sustainable energy supply in wireless networks, where WPT-enabledenergy nodes (ENs) can charge wireless devices (WDs) remotely withoutinterruption to the use. However, in a heterogeneous WPT network withdistributed ENs and WDs, some WDs may quickly deplete their batteries due tothe lack of timely wireless power supply by the ENs, thus resulting in shortnetwork operating lifetime. In this paper, we exploit frequency diversity in abroadband WPT network and study the distributed charging control by ENs tomaximize network lifetime. In particular, we propose a practical voting-baseddistributed charging control framework where each WD simply estimates thebroadband channel, casts its vote(s) for some strong sub-channel(s) and sendsto the ENs along with its battery state information, based on which the ENsindependently allocate their transmit power over the sub-channels without theneed of centralized control. Under this framework, we aim to designlifetime-maximizing power allocation and efficient voting-based feedbackmethods. Towards this end, we first derive the general expression of theexpected lifetime of a WPT network and draw the general design principles forlifetime-maximizing charging control. Based on the analysis, we then propose adistributed charging control protocol with voting-based feedback, where thepower allocated to sub-channels at each EN is a function of the weighted sumvote received from all WDs. Besides, the number of votes cast by a WD and theweight of each vote are related to its current battery state. Simulationresults show that the proposed distributed charging control protocol couldsignificantly increase the network lifetime under stringent transmit powerconstraint in a broadband WPT network.

Distributed Charging Control in Broadband Wireless Power Transfer Networks