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One of the main goals of 5G wireless telecommunication technology isimproving energy efficiency, especially of remote sensors which should be ablefor example to transmit on average 1bit/s for 10 years from a single AAAbattery. There will be discussed using modulation with nonuniform probabilitydistribution of symbols for improving energy efficiency of transmission at costof reduced throughput. While the zero-signal (silence) has zero energy cost toemit, it can carry information if used alongside other symbols. If used morefrequently than others, for example for majority of time slots or OFDMsubcarriers, the number of bits transmitted per energy unit can besignificantly increased. For example for hexagonal modulation and zero noise,this amount of bits per energy unit can be doubled by reducing throughput 2.7times, thanks to using the zero-signal with probability $\approx$ 0.84. Therewill be discussed models and methods for such nonuniform probabilitymodulations (NPM).

Nonuniform probability modulation for reducing energy consumption of remote sensors