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Neuronal avalanches measured in vitro and in vivo in different corticalnetworks consistently exhibit power law behaviour for the size and durationdistributions with exponents typical for a mean field self-organized branchingprocess. These exponents are also recovered in neuronal network simulationsimplementing various neuronal dynamics on different network topologies. Theycan therefore be considered a very robust feature of spontaneous neuronalactivity. Interestingly, this scaling behaviour is also observed on regularlattices in finite dimensions, which raises the question about the origin ofthe mean field behaviour observed experimentally. In this study we provide ananswer to this open question by investigating the effect of activity dependentplasticity in combination with the neuronal refractory time in a neuronalnetwork. Results show that the refractory time hinders backward avalanchesforcing a directed propagation. Hebbian plastic adaptation plays the role ofsculpting these directed avalanche patterns into the topology of the networkslowly changing it into a branched structure where loops are marginal.

Synaptic plasticity and neuronal refractory time cause scaling behaviour of neuronal avalanches