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Millimeter wave (mmWave) systems are emerging as an essential technology toenable extremely high data rate wireless communications. The main limitingfactors of mmWave systems are blockage (high penetration loss) and deafness(misalignment between the beams of the transmitter and receiver). To alleviatethese problems, it is imperative to incorporate efficient association andrelaying between terminals and access points. Unfortunately, the existingassociation techniques are designed for the traditional interference-limitednetworks, and thus are highly suboptimal for mmWave communications due tonarrow-beam operations and the resulting non-negligible interference-freebehavior. This paper introduces a distributed approach that solves the jointassociation and relaying problem in mmWave networks considering the loadbalancing at access points. The problem is posed as a novel stochasticoptimization problem, which is solved by distributed auction algorithms wherethe clients and relays act asynchronously to achieve optimalclient-relay-access point association. It is shown that the algorithms provablyconverge to a solution that maximizes the aggregate logarithmic utility withina desired bound. Numerical results allow to quantify the performanceenhancements introduced by the relays, and the substantial improvements of thenetwork throughput and fairness among the clients by the proposed associationmethod as compared to standard approaches. It is concluded that mmWavecommunications with proper association and relaying mechanisms can supportextremely high data rates, connection reliability, and fairness among theclients.

Distributed Association and Relaying with Fairness in Millimeter Wave Networks