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Solid state-refrigerants have generated worldwide interest owing to theirgrowing potential for use in efficient and green cooling devices. Caloriceffects could be obtained by manipulating their degrees of freedom such asmagnetization, electric polarization and volume using a variable externalfield. In conventional magnetocaloric refrigeration systems, the magnetocaloriceffect is exploited by moving the active material in and out of the magneticfield source. Here we demonstrate that a giant and reversible magnetocaloriceffect can be generated simply by rotating the multiferroic TbMn2O5 singlecrystal around its b axis in a relatively low constant magnetic field appliedin the ac plane. For a magnetic field applied along the easy axis a, we reportan entropy change of 12.25 J/kg K at about 10 K in a field change of 5 T whichis 100 times larger than that found when the field is applied along the hardaxis c. When the TbMn2O5 is rotated with the field remaining in the ac plane,the associated adiabatic temperature change reaches minimum values of 8 K and14 K under 2 T and 5 T, respectively. This giant rotating magnetocaloric effectin TbMn2O5 is caused by the colossal anisotropy of the entropy change, theenhancement of the magnetization under relatively moderate magnetic fields andthe lower magnitude of specific heat. On the other hand, the application of thecoherent rotational model demonstrates that the rotating magnetocaloric effectexhibited by TbMn2O5 does not originate directly from the magneto-crystallineanisotropy. Our results should inspire and open new ways toward theimplementation of compact, efficient and embedded magnetocaloric devices forlow temperature and space application. Its potential operating temperaturerange of 2 to 30 K makes it a great candidate for the liquefaction of hydrogen.

On the conventional and rotating magnetocaloric effects in multiferroic TbMn2O5 single crystals