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We present an overview of our recent investigations of long-rangeinteractions in an ultracold Cs Rydberg gas. These interactions are studied byhigh-resolution photoassociation spectroscopy, using excitation close toone-photon transitions into $n$p$_{3/2}$ Rydberg states with pulsed andcontinuous-wave ultraviolet laser radiation, and lead to the formation oflong-range Cs$_2$ molecules. We observe two types of molecular resonances. Thefirst type originates from the correlated excitation of two atoms intoRydberg-atom-pair states interacting at long range via multipole-multipoleinteractions. The second type results from the interaction of one atom excitedto a Rydberg state with one atom in the electronic ground state. Which type ofresonances is observed in the experiments depends on the laser intensity andfrequency and on the pulse sequences used to prepare the Rydberg states. Weobtain insights into both types of molecular resonances by modelling theinteraction potentials, using a multipole expansion of the long-rangeinteraction for the first type of resonances and a Fermi-contactpseudo-potential for the second type of resonances. We analyse the relation ofthese long-range molecular resonances to molecular Rydberg states and ion-pairstates, and discuss their decay channels into atomic and molecular ions. Inexperiments carried out with a two-colour two-photon excitation scheme, weobserve a large enhancement of Rydberg-excitation probability, which weinterpret as a saturable autocatalytic antiblockade phenomenon.

Long-range Rydberg molecules, Rydberg macrodimers and Rydberg aggregates in an ultracold Cs gas