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Transformation of carbon dioxide into carbon nanotubes, CNTs, by electrolysisin molten carbonates provides a low cost route to extract and store thisgreenhouse gas. CNTs are more stable, compact and valuable than fuels or otherCO2 conversion products, providing an incentive to remove CO2 for climatemitigation. Previously, solid core carbon nanofibers, CNFs were formed withC-13 isotope CO2, whereas hollow core fibers - carbon nanotubes, CNTs, wereformed with natural isotope CO2 splitting in molten lithium carbonate. Here wedemonstrate the extraordinary range of specific morphologies and conductivitiesof CNTs that can be achieved through control of the electrolysis conditions ina one pot-synthesis, and scale-up of this process by which the greenhouse gasCO2 is transformed into carbon nanotubes by molten carbonate electrolysis.Addition of Li2BO3, boron dopes and greatly enhances CNT conductivity formed atthe galvanized steel cathode. Addition of CaCO3 to the Li2CO3 electrolyte,decreases oxide solubility in the region of CNT growth, producing straightthin-walled CNTs.

Electrosynthetic control of CNT conductivity & morphology: Scale-up of  the transformation of the greenhouse gas CO2 into carbon nanotubes by molten  carbonate electrolysis