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This paper aims to minimize the total transmit power consumption for MassiveMIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) downlink cellular systems when each useris served by the optimized subset of the base stations (BSs). We derive a lowerbound on the ergodic spectral efficiency (SE) for Rayleigh fading channels andmaximum ratio transmission (MRT) when the BSs cooperate using non-coherentjoint transmission. We solve the joint user association and downlink transmitpower minimization problem optimally under fixed SE constraints. Furthermore,we solve a max-min fairness problem with user specific weights that maximizesthe worst SE among the users. The optimal BS-user association rule is derived,which is different from maximum signal-to-noise-ratio (max-SNR) association.Simulation results manifest that the proposed methods can provide good SE forthe users using less transmit power than in small-scale systems and that theoptimal user association can effectively balance the load between BSs whenneeded.

Downlink Power Control for Massive MIMO Cellular Systems with Optimal User Association