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Optical circulators are indispensable components in photonic networks thatare aimed to route information in a unidirectional way among their N-ports1,2.In general, these devices rely on magneto-optical garnets3 with appreciableVerdet constants that are utilized in conjunction with other elements likepermanent magnets, wave-plates, birefringent crystals and/or beam splitters.Consequently, these arrangements are typically bulky and hence not conducive toon-chip photonic integration4-6. Of interest would be to devise strategiesthrough which miniaturized optical circulators can be monolithically fabricatedon light-emitting semiconductor platforms by solely relying on physicalproperties that are indigenous to the material itself. By exploiting theinterplay between non-Hermiticity and nonlinearity, here we demonstrate a newclass of chip-scale circulators on spatially modified III-V quantum wellsystems. These garnet-free unidirectional structures are broadband (over 2.5THz) at 1550 nm, effectively loss-free, color-preserving, and inproof-of-principle demonstrations have provided 23 dB isolation when used underpulsed-mode conditions at milliwatt (mW) power levels.

Garnet-free optical circulators monolithically integrated on spatially modified III-V quantum wells