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Recent experimental studies have shown that traffic management systems arevulnerable to cyber-attacks on sensor data. This paper studies thevulnerability of fixed-time control of signalized intersections when sensorsmeasuring traffic flow information are compromised and perturbed by anadversary. The problems are formulated by considering three maliciousobjectives: 1) worst-case network accumulation, which aims to destabilize theoverall network as much as possible; 2) worst-case lane accumulation, whichaims to cause worst-case accumulation on some target lanes; and 3) risk-aversetarget accumulation, which aims to reach a target accumulation by making theminimum perturbation to sensor data. The problems are solved using bilevelprogramming optimization methods. Finally, a case study of a real network isused to illustrate the results.

Vulnerability of Fixed-Time Control of Signalized Intersections to Cyber-Tampering