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Atomic coherence effects arising from coherent light-atom interaction areconventionally known to be governed by quantum interference and optical pumpingmechanisms. However, anisotropic nonlinear response driven by optical fieldinvolves another fundamental effect arising from closed-loop multiphotontransitions. This closed-loop phase dictates the tensorial structure of thenonlinear susceptibility as it governs the principal coordinate system indetermining, whether the light field will either compete or cooperate with theexternal magnetic field stimulus. Such a treatment provides deeperunderstanding of all magneto-optical anisotropic response. The magneto-opticalresponse in all atomic systems is classified using closed-loop phase. The roleof quantum interference in obtaining electromagnetically induced transparencyor electromagnetically induced absorption in multi-level systems is identified.

Beyond Quantum interference and Optical pumping: invoking a Closed-loop phase