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This master thesis presents a new type of Positron Emission TOF Apparatususing Liquid xenOn (PETALO). The detector is based in the Liquid XenonScintillating Cell (LXSC). The cell is a box filled with liquid xenon (LXe)whose transverse dimensions are chosen to optimize packing and with a thicknessoptimized to contain a large fraction of the incoming photons. The entry andexit faces of the box (relative to the incoming gammas direction) areinstrumented with large silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), coated with awavelength shifter, tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB). The non-instrumented faces arecovered by reflecting Teflon coated with TPB. In this thesis we show that theLXSC can display an energy resolution of 5% FWHM, much better than that ofconventional solid scintillators such as LSO/LYSO. The LXSC can measure theinteraction point of the incoming photon with a resolution in the threecoordinates of 1 mm. The very fast scintillation time of LXe (2 ns) and theavailability of suitable sensors and electronics permits a coincidenceresolution time (CRT) in the range of 100-200 ps, again much better than anycurrent PET-TOF system. The LXSC constitutes the core of a high-sensitivity,nuclear magnetic resonance compatible, PET device, with enhanced Time Of Flight(TOF) sensitivity.

PETALO, a new concept for a Positron Emission TOF Apparatus based on Liquid xenOn