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The low-energy strong interaction of antikaons (K-) with nuclei has manyfacets and rep- resents a lively and challenging research field. It isinterconnected to the peculiar role of strangeness, since the strange quark israther light, but still much heavier than the up and down quarks. Thus, whenstrangeness is involved one has to deal with spontaneous and explicit symmetrybreaking in QCD. It is well known that the antikaon interaction with nucleonsis attractive, but how strong ? Is the interaction strong enough to bindnucleons to form kaonic nuclei and, if so, what are the properties (bindingenergy, decay width)? There are controversial indications for such bound statesand new results are expected to come soon. The existence of antikaon mediatedbound states might have important consequences since it would open thepossibility for the formation of cold baryonic matter of high density whichmight have a severe impact in astrophysics for the understanding of thecomposi- tion of compact (neutron) stars. New experimental opportunities couldbe provided by the AMADEUS experiment at the DA?NE electron-positron colliderat LNF-INFN (Frascati, Italy). Pre-AMADEUS studies on the antikaon interactionwith nuclei are carried out by analysis of data collected by KLOE in till 2005and in special data runs using a carbon target insert. Studies for thededicated AMADEUS detector setup taking advantage of the low-energy antikaonsfrom Phi-meson decay delivered by DAFNE are in progress. Some re- sultsobtained so far and the perspectives of the AMADEUS experiment are presentedand discussed.

Low-energy Antikaon Interaction with Nuclei: The AMADEUS Challenge