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Turbulent flow across an in-line array of tube-banks with transverse andlongitudinal pitch PT /D = 2.67, and PL /D = 2.31, has been simulatedsuccessfully by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based on the dynamic Smagorinskysubgrid scale model (SGS), in which a wall-layer model is used to reduce thecomputational cost. The flow structures across the tube-banks were examinedthrough the normalized Q criterion. The surface pressure characteristics fromthe middle cylinder within each column of cylinders are found to agree wellwith the existing experimental data, as did also the values of drag and liftcoefficients. These results indicate that cylinders from the second columnexperience the minimum drag force and maximum lift force fluctuation. Spectralanalyses were performed for velocity signals sampled behind each middlecylinder axis, which show that the dominant vortex shedding frequency does notvary across the tube-banks. On this basis, we also examined the shear layerinstability. Finally, we report auto-correlation functions for streamwise andcross velocity fluctuations as a function of the spanwise length.

An LES study of turbulent flow over in-line tube-banks and comparison with experimental measurements