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Traditionally the Costa Rican historians and genealogists have interpretedthat the Spanish ruling elite emerged after the conquest was exclusively ofEuropean origin. On the other side, recent technological advances in Geneticsgive us the opportunity to approach the study of pedigrees from a newperspective, examining alive people and simultaneously collating the historicalinformation of their ancestors. In this paper, a complete matrilineal genealogywas reconstructed from nowadays "white" Costa Ricans to their ancestors in theearly Colonial society (XVI century). It was compared the correlation betweenethnic affiliations deduced from historical records with the geneticinheritance from maternal lineages. The MtDNA lineage observed corresponds to aNative American ancestry. These results show that some Amerindian gene flowinto the Spanish group must have occurred since the first generation ofColonial society, a finding that contrasts with the prevailing ideas that theSpanish elite avoided the intermarriage with other ethnic groups. Examples likethis one confirm that miscegenation began early in Costa Rica. So, those whoconsidered themselves "Spaniards" in the late colonial era, were actuallybiologically mestizos. It is widely accepted, that the general Costa Ricanpopulation is the result of an admixture process between Europeans, Amerindiansand Africans.

The genealogy of Da. Isabel de Jimenez. An approach to the first phase  of admixture in Costa Rica / La genealogia de Da. Isabel de Jimenez. Una  aproximacion a la primera fase del mestizaje en Costa Rica