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Design of large composite structures requires understanding the scaling oftheir mechanical properties, an aspect often overlooked in the literature oncomposites. This contribution analyzes, experimentally and numerically, theintra-laminar size effect of textile composite structures. Test results ofgeometrically similar Single Edge Notched specimens made of 8 layers of 0degree epoxy/carbon twill 2 by 2 laminates are reported. Results show that thenominal strength decreases with increasing specimen size and that theexperimental data can be fitted well by Bazant's size effect law, allowing anaccurate identification of the intra-laminar fracture energy of the material.The importance of an accurate estimation of Gf in situations whereintra-laminar fracturing is the main energy dissipation mechanism is clarifiedby studying numerically its effect on crashworthiness of composite tubes.Simulations demonstrate that, for the analyzed geometry, a decrease of thefracture energy to 50% of the measured value corresponds to an almost 42%decrease in plateau crushing load. Further, assuming a vertical stress dropafter the peak, a typical assumption of strength-based constitutive lawsimplemented in most commercial Finite Element codes, results in an strengthunderestimation of the order of 70%. The main conclusion of this study is thatmeasuring accurately fracture energy and modeling correctly the fracturingbehavior of textile composites, including their quasi-brittleness, is key. Thiscan be accomplished neither by strength- or strain-based approaches, whichneglect size effect, nor by LEFM which does not account for the finiteness ofthe Fracture Process Zone.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Intra-Laminar Energy Dissipation and Size Effect in Two-Dimensional Textile Composites