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Free recall consists of two separate stages: the emptying of working memoryand reactivation [1]. The Tarnow Unchunkable Test (TUT, [2]) uses doubleinteger items to separate out only the first stage by making it difficult toreactivate items due to the lack of intra-item relationships. 193 Russiancollege students were tested via the internet version of the TUT. The averagenumber of items remembered in the 3 item test was 2.54 items. In the 4 itemtest, the average number of items decreased to 2.38. This, and a number ofother qualitative distribution differences between the 3 and 4 item tests,indicates that the average capacity limit of working memory has been reached at3 items. This provides the first direct measurement of the unchunkable capacitylimit of language based items. That the average number of items remembereddecreased as the number of items increased from 3 to 4 indicates that mostsubjects were unable to manage their working memories as the number of itemsincreased just beyond the average capacity. Further evidence for the difficultyin managing the capacity limit is that 25% of subjects could not remember anyitems correctly at least in one of three 4 item tests and that the Pearsoncorrelation between the 3 item and 4 item subject recalls was a relativelysmall 38%. This failure of managing a basic memory resource should haveimportant consequences for pedagogy including instruction, text book design andtest design. Because working memory scores are important for academicachievement, it also suggests that an individual can gain academically bylearning how to manage her or his capacity limit.

A Precise Measure of Working Memory Reveals Subjects Difficulties Managing Limited Capacity