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Apnea-bradycardia is one of the major clinical early indicators of late-onsetsepsis occurring in approximately 7% to 10% of all neonates and in more than25% of very low birth weight infants in NICU. The objective of this paper wasto determine if HRV, respiration and their relationships help to diagnoseinfection in premature infants via non-invasive ways in NICU. Therefore, weimplement Mono-Channel (MC) and Bi-Channel (BC) Analysis in two groups: sepsis(S) vs. non-sepsis (NS). Firstly, we studied RR series not only by linearmethods: time domain and frequency domain, but also by non-linear methods:chaos theory and information theory. The results show that alpha Slow, alphaFast and Sample Entropy are significant parameters to distinguish S from NS.Secondly, the question about the functional coupling of HRV and nasalrespiration is addressed. Local linear correlation coefficient r2t,f has beenexplored, while non-linear regression coefficient h2 was calculated in twodirections. It is obvious that r2t,f within the third frequency band (0.2<f<0.4Hz) and h2 in two directions were complementary approaches to diagnose sepsis.Thirdly, feasibility study is carried out on the candidate parameters selectedfrom MC and BC respectively. We discovered that the proposed test based onoptimal fusion of 6 features shows good performance with the largest AUC and areduced probability of false alarm (PFA).

Heart Rate Variability and Respiration Signal as Diagnostic Tools for Late Onset Sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Units