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LTE femtocells have been widely deployed to increase network capacity and tooffload mobile data traffic from macrocells. While cellular users' mobilitybehaviors are taken into consideration, a dilemma is formed: Should a UserEquipment (UE) either handover into a femtocell or keep the current connectionwith a macrocell? Indeed, various user mobility behaviors may incur significantsignaling overhead and degrade femtocell offloading capability due to frequenthandover in/out femtocells. To address this dilemma, in this paper we proposean Optimal Threshold Offloading (OTO) algorithm considering the tradeoffbetween the signaling overhead and femtocell offloading capability. We developan analytical model and define two performance metrics to quantify thetradeoff. The proposed model not only models user mobility behaviors but alsocaptures femtocell offloading benefits, and shed light on their fundamentalrelationship. The correctness of analytical model and simulation model arecross-validated by extensive ns2 simulations. Both analytical and simulationresults demonstrate that the OTO algorithm can significantly reduce signalingoverhead at the minor cost of femtocell offloading capability. The resultsenable wide applicability in various scenarios, and therefore, have importanttheoretical significance. Moreover, the analytical results provide a quick wayto evaluate signaling overhead and offloading capability in LTE networkswithout wide deployment, saving on cost and time.

Design and Analysis of Optimal Threshold Offloading (OTO) Algorithm for LTE Femtocell/Macrocell Networks