English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Over the past decade, smartphones have become the point of convergence formany applications and services. There is a growing trend in which traditionalsmart-card based services like banking, transport and access control are beingprovisioned through smartphones. Smartphones with Near Field Communication(NFC) capability can emulate a contactless smart card; popular examples of suchservices include Google Pay and Apple Pay. Similar to contactless smart cards,NFC-based smartphone transactions are susceptible to relay attacks. Forcontactless smart cards, distance-bounding protocols are proposed to countersuch attacks; for NFC-based smartphone transactions, ambient sensors have beenproposed as potential countermeasures. In this study, we have empiricallyevaluated the suitability of ambient sensors as a proximity detection mechanismfor contactless transactions. To provide a comprehensive analysis, we alsocollected relay attack data to ascertain whether ambient sensors are able tothwart such attacks effectively. We initially evaluated 17 sensors beforeselecting 7 sensors for in-depth analysis based on their effectiveness aspotential proximity detection mechanisms within the constraints of acontactless transaction scenario. Each sensor was used to record 1000legitimate and relay (illegitimate) contactless transactions at four differentphysical locations. The analysis of these transactions provides an empiricalfoundation on which to determine whether ambient sensors provide a strongproximity detection mechanism for security-sensitive applications like banking,transport and high-security access control.

When Theory and Reality Collide: Demystifying the Effectiveness of Ambient Sensing for NFC-based Proximity Detection by Applying Relay Attack Data