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The design of energy-efficient mechanisms is one of the key challenges inemerging wireless small cell networks. In this paper, a novel approach foropportunistically switching ON/OFF base stations to improve the energyefficiency in wireless small cell networks is proposed. The proposed approachenables the small cell base stations to optimize their downlink performancewhile balancing the load among each another, while satisfying their users'quality-of-service requirements. The problem is formulated as a noncooperativegame among the base stations that seek to minimize a cost function whichcaptures the tradeoff between energy expenditure and load. To solve this game,a distributed learning algorithm is proposed using which the base stationsautonomously choose their optimal transmission strategies. Simulation resultsshow that the proposed approach yields significant performance gains in termsof reduced energy expenditures up to 23% and reduced load up to 40% compared toconventional approaches.

Opportunistic Sleep Mode Strategies in Wireless Small Cell Networks