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We describe a sketch interpretation system that detects and classifies clocknumerals created by subjects taking the Clock Drawing Test, a clinical toolwidely used to screen for cognitive impairments (e.g., dementia). We describehow it balances appearance and context, and document its performance on some2,000 drawings (about 24K clock numerals) produced by a wide spectrum ofpatients. We calibrate the utility of different forms of context, describingexperiments with Conditional Random Fields trained and tested using a varietyof features. We identify context that contributes to interpreting otherwiseambiguous or incomprehensible strokes. We describe ST-slices, a novelrepresentation that enables "unpeeling" the layers of ink that result whenpeople overwrite, which often produces ink impossible to analyze if only thefinal drawing is examined. We characterize when ST-slices work, calibrate theirimpact on performance, and consider their breadth of applicability.

Balancing Appearance and Context in Sketch Interpretation