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The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is a powerful, widely used method forpreparing coatings of amphiphilic molecules at air/water interfaces withthickness control down to a single molecule. Here we report two new LBtechniques designed to create ordered, multifunctional nanoparticle films onany non-reactive support. The methods utilize Marangoni stresses produced bysurfactants at a fluid/solid/gas interface and self-assembly of nanoparticlesto facilitate rapid creation of dense monolayers of multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT), metal-oxide nanoparticles, polymers, and combinations of thesematerials in a layer-by-layer configuration. Using the polyolefin separator ina lithium sulfur (Li-S) electrochemical cell as an example, we illustrate howthe method can be used to create structured membranes for regulating mass andcharge transport. We show that a layered MWCNT/SiO2/MWCNT nanomaterial createdin a clip-like configuration, with gravimetric areal coverage of ~130 mg cm-2and a thickness of ~3 micron, efficiently adsorbs dissolved lithium polysulfide(LiPS) species and efficiently reutilize them for improving Li-S batteryperformance.

Fabricating Multifunctional Nanoparticle Membranes by a Fast Layer-by-Layer Langmuir-Blodgett Process: Application in Lithium-sulfur Batteries