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India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) collaboration is planning to build amagnetized Iron-CALorimeter detector (ICAL) for the study of atmosphericneutrinos. ICAL detector will be a stack of 151 layers of magnetized ironplates interleaved with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active detectorelements with a total mass of 50 kton. Resistive Plate Chambers are gaseousdetectors made up of two parallel electrodes of high bulk resistivity likefloat glass and bakelite. These detectors are extensively used in several highenergy physics experiments since 1980s because of high count rate, excellenttime as well as spatial resolutions, simple to fabricate and operate. Due todetector aging issue, it is necessary to characterize electrode material so asto select appropriate electrode material before fabricating the detector. Inthe present studies, we measured bulk resistivity and surface current of glassas well as bakelite. Bulk resistivity of bakelite is ~ 100 times less than thatof glass and surface current of bakelite is higher than that of glass. Alsoglass does not need any kind of surface treatment to achieve better surfaceuniformity. Therefore, glass electrodes are preferred over bakelite electrodesin most of the cases. Locally manufactured Asahi glass of ~2 mm thickness andbakelite sheets were tested during the studies as reported in this paper beforethe various stages of detector fabrication.

Study of Glass and Bakelite properties as electrodes in RPCs