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The interaction of ultrasonic waves with fluid-embedded viscoelastic plates,pipes, and shells, have been subject to extensive theoretical and experimentalstudies over several decades. In normal-incidence through-transmissionmeasurements of a water-embedded solid plate using ultrasonic piezoelectrictransducer sound fields, significant deviations from plane wave theory haverecently been observed. To quantitatively describe such measured phenomena,finite element modeling (FEM), also combined with an angular spectrum method(ASM), have been used for three-dimensional (3D) simulation of thevoltage-to-sound-pressure signal propagation through the electro-acousticmeasurement system consisting of the piezoelectric transducer, thewater-embedded steel plate, and the fluid regions at both sides of the plate.The observed phenomena of frequency downshift of the plate resonance, increasedsound pressure level through the plate, and beam narrowing / widening, areascribed to the finite angular spectrum of the beam, that excites a region ofnegative and zero group velocity for the leaky Lamb mode in question.

Transducer finite aperture effects in sound transmission near leaky Lamb modes in elastic plates at normal incidence