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Internet has shown itself to be a catalyst for economic growth and socialequity but its potency is thwarted by the fact that the Internet is off limitsfor the vast majority of human beings. Mobile phones---the fastest growingtechnology in the world that now reaches around 80\% of humanity---can enableuniversal Internet access if it can resolve coverage problems that havehistorically plagued previous cellular architectures (2G, 3G, and 4G). Theseconventional architectures have not been able to sustain universal serviceprovisioning since these architectures depend on having enough users per cellfor their economic viability and thus are not well suited to rural areas (whichare by definition sparsely populated). The new generation of mobile cellulartechnology (5G), currently in a formative phase and expected to be finalizedaround 2020, is aimed at orders of magnitude performance enhancement. 5G offersa clean slate to network designers and can be molded into an architecture alsoamenable to universal Internet provisioning. Keeping in mind the great socialbenefits of democratizing Internet and connectivity, we believe that the timeis ripe for emphasizing universal Internet provisioning as an important goal onthe 5G research agenda. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities andchallenges in utilizing 5G for global access to the Internet for all (GAIA). Wehave also identified the major technical issues involved in a 5G-based GAIAsolution and have set up a future research agenda by defining open researchproblems.

Will 5G See its Blind Side? Evolving 5G for Universal Internet Access