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Synchronous laser-microwave networks delivering attosecond timing precisionare highly desirable in many advanced applications, such as geodesy,very-long-baseline interferometry, high-precision navigation andmulti-telescope arrays. In particular, rapidly expanding photon sciencefacilities like X-ray free-electron lasers and intense laser beamlines requiresystem-wide attosecond-level synchronization of dozens of optical and microwavesignals up to kilometer distances. Once equipped with such precision, thesefacilities will initiate radically new science by shedding light on molecularand atomic processes happening on the attosecond timescale, such asintramolecular charge transfer, Auger processes and their impact on X-rayimaging. Here, we present for the first time a complete synchronouslaser-microwave network with attosecond precision, which is achieved throughnew metrological devices and careful balancing of fiber nonlinearities andfundamental noise contributions. We demonstrate timing stabilization of a4.7-km fiber network and remote optical-optical synchronization across a 3.5-kmfiber link with an overall timing jitter of 580 and 680 attoseconds RMS,respectively, for over 40 hours. Ultimately we realize a completelaser-microwave network with 950-attosecond timing jitter for 18 hours. Thiswork can enable next-generation attosecond photon-science facilities torevolutionize many research fields from structural biology to material scienceand chemistry to fundamental physics.

Attosecond Precision Multi-km Laser-Microwave Network