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Cognitive radio technology, which is designed to enhance spectrumutilization, depends on the success of opportunistic access, where secondaryusers (SUs) exploit spectrum void unoccupied by primary users (PUs) fortransmissions. We note that the system behaviors are very similar to theinteractions among different species coexisting in an ecosystem. However, SUsof a selfish nature or of misleading information may make concurrenttransmissions with PUs for additional incentives, and thus disrupt the entireecosystem. By exploiting this vulnerability, this paper proposes a noveldistributed denial-of-service (DoS) attack where invasive species, i.e.,malicious users (MUs), induce originally normal-behaved SUs to executeconcurrent transmissions with PUs and thus collapse the cognitive radionetwork. We adopt stochastic geometry to model the spatial distributions ofPUs, SUs, and MUs for the analysis of the mutual interference among them. Theaccess strategy of each SU in the spectrum sharing ecosystem, which evolveswith the experienced payoffs and interference, is modeled by an evolutionarygame. Based on the evolutionary stable strategy concept, we could efficientlyidentify the fragile operating region at which normal-behaved SUs areeventually evolved to conduct concurrent transmissions and thus to cause theruin of the network.

Ecology-Based DoS Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks