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This paper firstly show that 2 Dimensional Intelligent Driver Model (Jiang etal., PloS one, 9(4), e94351, 2014) is not able to replicate the synchronizedtraffic flow. Then we propose an improved model by considering the differencebetween the driving behaviors at high speeds and that at low speeds.Simulations show that the improved model can reproduce the phase transitionfrom synchronized flow to wide moving jams, the spatiotemporal patterns oftraffic flow induced by traffic bottleneck, and the evolution concavity oftraffic oscillations (i.e. the standard deviation of the velocities of vehiclesincreases in a concave/linear way along the platoon). Validating results showthat the empirical time series of traffic speed obtained from Floating Car Datacan be well simulated as well.

Improved 2D Intelligent Driver Model simulating synchronized flow and evolution concavity in traffic flow