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Over the past few decades, the rate of publication retractions has increaseddramatically in academia. In this study, we investigate retractions from aquantitative perspective, aiming to answer two fundamental questions. One, howdo retractions influence the scholarly impact of retracted papers, authors, andinstitutions? Two, does this influence propagate to the wider academiccommunity through scholarly associations? Specifically, we analyzed a set ofretracted articles indexed in Thomson Reuters Web of Science (WoS), and ranmultiple experiments to compare changes in scholarly impact against a controlset of non-retracted articles, authors, and institutions. We further appliedthe Granger Causality test to investigate whether different scientific topicsare dynamically affected by retracted papers occurring within those topics. Ourresults show two key findings: first, the scholarly impact of retracted papersand authors significantly decreases after retraction, and the most severeimpact decrease correlates to retractions based on proven purposeful scientificmisconduct; second, this retraction penalty does not seem to spread through thebroader scholarly social graph, but instead has a limited and localized effect.Our findings may provide useful insights for scholars or science committees toevaluate the scholarly value of papers, authors, or institutions related toretractions.

A Multi-dimensional Investigation of the Effects of Publication Retraction on Scholarly Impact