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Fundamental diagrams describing the relation between pedestrians speed anddensity are key points in understanding pedestrian dynamics. Experimental dataevidence the onset of complex behaviors in which the velocity decreases withthe density and different logistic regimes are identified. This paper addressesthe issue of pedestrians transport and of fundamental diagrams for a scenarioinvolving the motion of pedestrians escaping from an obscure tunnel. We capturethe effects of the communication efficiency and the exit capacity by means oftwo thresholds controlling the rate at which particles (walkers, pedestrians)move on the lattice. Using a particle system model, we show that in absence oflimitation in communication among pedestrians we reproduce with good accuracythe standard fundamental diagrams, whose basic behaviors can be interpreted interms of the exit capacity limitation. When the effect of a limitedcommunication ability is considered, then interesting non-intuitive phenomenaoccur. Particularly, we shed light on the loss of monotonicity of the typicalspeed--density curves, revealing the existence of a pedestrians densityoptimizing the escape.  We study both the discrete particle dynamics as well as the correspondinghydrodynamic limit (a porous medium equation and a transport (continuity)equation). We also point out the dependence of the effective transportcoefficients on the two thresholds - the essence of the microstructureinformation.

Effects of communication efficiency and exit capacity on fundamental  diagrams for pedestrian motion in an obscure tunnel - a particle system  approach