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Nosocomial pathogens such as Methicillin-Resistant {\em Staphylococcusaureus} (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant {\em Enterococci} (VRE) are the causeof significant morbidity and mortality among hospital patients. It is importantto be able to assess the efficacy of control measures using data on patientoutcomes. In this paper we describe methods for analysing such data usingpatient-level stochastic models which seek to describe the underlyingunobserved process of transmission. The methods are applied to detailedlongitudinal patient-level data on VRE from a study in a US hospital with eightintensive care units (ICUs). The data comprise admission and discharge dates,dates and results of screening tests, and dates during which precautionarymeasures were in place for each patient during the study period. Resultsinclude estimates of the efficacy of the control measures, the proportion ofunobserved patients colonized with VRE and the proportion of patients colonizedon admission.

Evaluating hospital infection control measures for  antimicrobial-resistant pathogens using stochastic transmission models:  application to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in intensive care units