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Experimentalists seeking to improve the coherent lifetimes of quantum bitshave generally focused on mitigating decoherence mechanisms through, forexample, improvements to qubit designs and materials, and system isolation fromenvironmental perturbations. In the case of the phase degree of freedom in aquantum superposition, however, the coherence that must be preserved is notsolely internal to the qubit, but rather necessarily includes that of the qubitrelative to the "master clock" (e.g. a local oscillator) that governs itscontrol system. In this manuscript we articulate the impact of instabilities inthe master clock on qubit phase coherence, and provide tools to calculate thecontributions to qubit error arising from these processes. We first connectstandard oscillator phase-noise metrics to their corresponding qubit dephasingspectral densities. We then use representative lab-grade and performance-gradeoscillator specifications to calculate operational fidelity bounds ontrapped-ion and superconducting qubits with relatively slow and fast operationtimes. We discuss the relevance of these bounds for quantum error correction incontemporary experiments and future large-scale quantum information systems,and discuss potential means to improve master clock stability.

The role of master clock stability in scalable quantum information processing