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Collective movement can be achieved when individuals respond to the localmovements and positions of their neighbours. Some individuals maydisproportionately influence group movement if they occupy particular spatialpositions in the group, for example, positions at the front of the group. Weasked, therefore, what led individuals in moving pairs of fish (Gambusiaholbrooki) to occupy a position in front of their partner. Individuals adjustedtheir speed and direction differently in response to their partner's position,resulting in individuals occupying different positions in the group.Individuals that were found most often at the front of the pair had greatermean changes in speed than their partner, and were less likely to turn towardstheir partner, compared to those individuals most often found at the back ofthe pair. The pair moved faster when led by the individual that was usually atthe front. Our results highlight how differences in the social responsivenessbetween individuals can give rise to leadership in free moving groups. Theyalso demonstrate how the movement characteristics of groups depend on thespatial configuration of individuals within them.

Identifying differences in the rules of interaction between individuals in moving animal groups