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The entire process of atomization of the fuel in an internal combustionengine plays a very important role in determining the overall efficiency ofthese engines. A good atomization process could help the fuel to mix with theair properly leading to its efficient combustion, thereby reducing the emittedpollutants as well. The recent trend followed by the engineers focused ondesigning fuel injectors for more efficient atomization is to increase theatomization pressure while decreasing the nozzle orifice diameter. Aconsequence of this is the development of cavitation (formation of vaporcavities or bubbles in the liquid) inside the injector close to the nozzle. Themain reason behind this is the sudden changes in the pressure inside theinjector and these cavities or bubbles are usually formed where the pressure isrelatively low.This work mainly focuses on studying the formation of cavitationand its effect on the velocity of the spray in the near nozzle region usingasymmetrical transparent nozzle equipped with a needle lift sensor with nozzlediameter of 0.35 mm at 300 bar of injection pressure. The experiment consistsin recording of several image-pairs, which are separated by about 300 ns,capturing the dynamics of the spray, a few millimeters from the nozzle in thedirection of the flow. These image-pairs are then used to compute the velocityfrom the displacement of the liquid structures and ligaments by correlating thefirst image with the second. About 200 of such velocity graphs are thenaveraged to obtain a velocity map and is compared with the similar averagevelocity maps obtained at different times from the start of the injection. Theangular spread of the spray from each of these images is calculated as well.The images showing cavitation inside the injector are also recorded at thesesame instants of time so as to understand the effects of cavitation on thevelocity and angular spread of the spray close to the nozzle.

Effect of cavitation on velocity in the near-field of a diesel nozzle