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The curtain of technical limitations impeding rat multichannel non-invasiveelectroencephalography (EEG) has risen. Given the importance of thispreclinical model, development and validation of EEG source imaging (ESI) isessential. We investigate the validity of well-known human ESI methodologies inrats which individual tissue geometries have been approximated by thoseextracted from an MRI template, leading also to imprecision in electrodelocalizations. With the half and fifth sensitivity volumes we determine boththe theoretical minimum electrode separation for non-redundant scalp EEGmeasurements and the electrode sensitivity resolution, which vary over thescalp because of the head geometry. According to our results, electrodes shouldbe at least ~3-3.5 mm apart for an optimal configuration. The sensitivityresolution is generally worse for electrodes at the boundaries of the scalpmeasured region, though, by analogy with human montages, concentrates thesensitivity enough to localize sources. Cram\'er-Rao lower bounds of sourcelocalization errors indicate it is theoretically possible to achieve ESIaccuracy at the level of anatomical structures, such as the stimulus-specificsomatosensory areas, using the template. More validation for this approximationis provided through the comparison between the template and the individual leadfield matrices, for several rats. Finally, using well-accepted inverse methods,we demonstrate that somatosensory ESI is not only expected but also allowsexploring unknown phenomena related to global sensory integration. Inheritingthe advantages and pitfalls of human ESI, rat ESI will boost the understandingof brain pathophysiological mechanisms and the evaluation of ESI methodologies,new pharmacological treatments and ESI-based biomarkers.

Validating non-invasive EEG source imaging using optimal electrode configurations on a representative rat head model