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The search to understand how the HIV virus spreads inside the human body andhow the immune response works to control it has motivated studies related toMathematical Immunology. Actually, researches include the idea of mathematicalmodels representing the dynamics of healthy and infected cell populations andfocusing on mechanisms used by HIV to invade target-host cells, viraldissemination (which leads to depletion of the T-cell pool and collapse of theimmune system), and impairment of immune response. In this work, we show theimportance of specific cells of immune response, as infection vectors involvedin the dynamics of viral proliferation within an untreated patient, by using anordinary differential equation model in which we considered that the virusinfected target-cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytesTCD4 and TCD8 populations. In conclusion, we demonstrate the importance of eachcell-host and the threshold of viral establishment and posterior spread basedon the presence of infected macrophages and dendritic cells inantigen-presenting processing, which leads to new infections (by wild or mutantvirions) after immune response activation episodes. We presented an $R_0$expression that provides the major parameters of HIV infection. Additionally,we suggest some possibilities of new targets for functional vaccines.

Modelling of immune cells as vectors of HIV spread inside a patient human body