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The anisotropy study cosmic microwave background (CMB) is one of the mainobservational tools for modern cosmology. However, alongside the study of thethermal fluctuations of the CMB are other equally important information, whichis known as the polarization of the CMB. The inflationary model predicts thatthe CMB is linearly polarized and the physical mechanism of this polarizationis studied from the Thompson scattering, the dominant process on the surface oflast scattering. There are basically two types of polarization called E and Bmodes, the first produced by scalar perturbations and the latter by tensorperturbations, such as those due to gravitational waves in the primordialuniverse. So if we are able to measure these types of polarization will have anentry to the study of the inflationary epoch. This paper presents the mainphysical mechanisms that support theoretically the polarization of the CMB dueto primordial gravitational waves (PGW) and the revision of the mainobservables, grouped in so-called Stokes parameters (Q, U, I), Which brings usinformation to achieve the contrast the angular power spectrum produced by thepolarization of the CMB, which shows to be in excellent agreement with the$\Lambda$CDM model.

Theoretical Foundations of PGWs Printed in the CMB and its Observational Status