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(doctoral thesis of Michal Bilek, finished on June 19, 2015)  MOND is an observational rule for predicting the acceleration of stars andgalaxies from the distribution of the visible matter. It possibly stems from anew law of physics. I list the theoretical aspects of MOND, its achievementsand problems. MOND has been tested mainly in disc galaxies so far. Its tests inelliptical galaxies are rare because the MOND effects are small for them in theparts observable by the conventional methods. In the thesis, I explain themethods and ideas I developed for testing MOND in the ellipticals using stellarshells. Moreover, the shells enable us to test MOND for stars in radial orbitsfor the first time. The shells are results of galactic interactions. I discussthe shell formation mechanisms and summarize the findings from shellobservations and simulations.  The thesis contains as yet unpublished results mainly in: 1) the introductionof Sect. 3 (the expected differences in the shell morphology in the Newtoniandynamics with dark matter and in MOND), and 2) Sect. 2.4.1 (formulas formodeling the evolution of shell radii).

Galaxy interactions: dark matter vs. Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)