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Most methods for optical visualization beyond the diffraction limit rely onfluorescence emission by molecular tags. Here, we report a method forvisualization of nanostructures down to a few nanometers using a conventionalbright-field microscope without requiring additional molecular tags such asfluorophores. The technique, Bright-field Nanoscopy, is based on the strongthickness dependent color of ultra-thin germanium on an optically thick goldfilm. We demonstrate the visualization of grain boundaries in chemical vapourdeposited single layer graphene and the detection of single 40 nm Agnanoparticles. We estimate a size detection limit of about 2 nm using thistechnique. In addition to visualizing nano-structures, this technique can beused to probe fluid phenomena at the nanoscale, such as transport through 2Dmembranes. We estimated the water transport rate through a 1 nm thick polymerfilm using this technique, as an illustration. Further, the technique can alsobe extended to study the transport of specific ions in the solution. It isanticipated that this technique will find use in applications ranging fromsingle-nanoparticles resolved sensing to studying nanoscale fluid-solidinterface phenomena.

Bright-field Nanoscopy: Visualizing Nano-structures with Localized Optical Contrast Using a Conventional Microscope