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The increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) requires moreFlexibility Resources (FR), generally thermal units and storages, must be keptin the system to accommodate the uncertainties from RES. The challenge is howthe system can survive when the RES level is very high. In this paper, RESs areconsidered as full-role market participants. They can bid in the day-aheadmarket, and the powers they deliver to the market are controllable up to theirmaximum available powers. Therefore, RESs are effectively dispatchable and canfunction as FR providers. To integrate dispatchable renewables, a two-stagerobust Unit Commitment (UC) and dispatch model is established. In the firststage, a base UC and dispatch is determined. In the second stage, all FRsincluding RESs are used to accommodate the uncertainties, which is aMixed-Integer Programming (MIP) problem. It is proved that the solution to themax-min problem can be identified directly whether the strong duality holds ornot for the inner minimization problem. The solution robustness is guaranteedby including only one extra scenario. Numerical results show the effectivenessof the proposed model and its advantages over the traditional robust UC modelwith high level RES penetration.

Robust Integration of High-level Dispatchable Renewables in Power System Operation