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A state-of-the-art 1D acoustic synthesizer has been previously developed, andcoupled to speaker-specific biomechanical models of oropharynx in ArtiSynth. Asexpected, the formant frequencies of the synthesized vowel sounds were shown tobe different from those of the recorded audio. Such discrepancy washypothesized to be due to the simplified geometry of the vocal tract model aswell as the one dimensional implementation of Navier-Stokes equations. In thispaper, we calculate Helmholtz resonances of our vocal tract geometries using 3Dfinite element method (FEM), and compare them with the formant frequenciesobtained from the 1D method and audio. We hope such comparison helps withclarifying the limitations of our current models and/or speech synthesizer.

Spectral Study of the Vocal Tract in Vowel Synthesis: A Comparison between 1D and 3D Acoustic Analysis